Equipment Layout

Roy A. Parisher , Robert A. Rhea , in Pipe Drafting and Design (Fourth Edition), 2022

Unit Plot Plan

Unit Plot Plans are generally divers by imaginary lines called Battery Limits. Battery Limits are used to found a Unit of measurement'due south perimeter boundaries. The Unit Plot Plan is ordinarily drawn to minor scale, such equally: 1″ = ten′, 1″ = xx′, or 1″ = xxx′.

Unit Plot Plans show the location of all the buildings, mechanical equipment, piping racks, tank farms, and other items of importance in the Unit of measurement. True North and Constitute North are too shown as actual and theoretical points of orientation. The purpose of this drawing is not to show detail, only rather, the arrangement of various components to be erected in the Unit.

The piping group is typically responsible for the development of the Unit Plot Programme. Unit Plot Plans are developed using the Mechanical flow diagram, customer specifications, codes, and input from the client'due south engineers and the constitute manager will ultimately oversee the functioning of the facility. Figure 9.eight shows an instance of a Unit Plot Plan.

Figure ix.8. Unit Plot Programme.

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Deliverables

Richard Beale , Paul Bowers , in The Planning Guide to Piping Design (Second Edition), 2018

4.2.4.1 Equipment location plans

Plot plans of larger facilities are often at also small a scale for all of the smaller pieces of equipment to be located by coordinates and equipment tag numbers due to the physical constraints of placing the text on the drawing. Therefore equipment location plans are created at a larger calibration, e.m., 1:400. Several equipment location plans are required to cover the same area every bit the plot plan, each with a list of the equipment located within the drawing. The listing includes the following:

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Equipment tag number

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Equipment description

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Coordinates

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Elevation

Equipment location plans simplify the location of the individual pieces of equipment. On larger projects where the plot plan is too modest a scale, these are the drawings that will exist used by the civil grouping for foundation location plan evolution.

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Deliverables

Richard J. Beale C.Tech , ... Peter Smith , in The Planning Guide to Piping Blueprint, 2010

3.2.iv.1 Equipment Location Plans

Plot plans of larger facilities are oft at too small a calibration for all of the smaller pieces of equipment to exist located by co-ordinates and equipment tag numbers due to the physical constraints of placing the text on the drawing. Therefore, equipment location plans are created at a larger scale, e.g., 1:400. Several equipment location plans are required to cover the same area equally the plot programme, each with a listing of the equipment located within the drawing. The list includes:

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Equipment tag number.

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Equipment clarification.

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Coordinates.

•

Acme.

Equipment location plans simplify the locating of the individual pieces of equipment.

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Bones Engineering Design for Natural Gas Processing Projects

Alireza Bahadori Ph.D. , in Natural Gas Processing, 2014

fourteen.half dozen Drawings

xiv.6.1 Preliminary unit of measurement plot plan

The plot plan in the basic design should be based on the preliminary equipment dimensions and should include preliminary layout of control room(due south), buildings, equipment, and other required facilities in the unit.

For licensed units, the plot plan should be prepared based on the licensor'south information and requirements for normal and emergency operation, prophylactic, and maintenance.

The unit plot plan should be prepared with due consideration to the overall plot plan layout of the entire plant and interrelations of the unit with other units.

14.6.2 Process catamenia diagram

The PFD should be provided in accordance with the requirements for each unit separately.

14.6.3 Piping and instrumentation diagrams

Piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) should be prepared in accordance with the requirements. P&IDs should exist provided for each unit separately and should include all facilities, piping, and equipment and interconnections between the unit of measurement and adjacent facilities. Interconnection P&IDs should also be prepared to clarify piping connectedness points and their tie-in between the new establish and other adjacent units.

14.6.4 Utility distribution flow diagrams

Utility distribution catamenia diagrams (UDFDs) should be provided for each unit separately and should include all equipment item numbers with all required pipelines and interrelations between headers/subheaders and all utility users.

The diagrams should exist prepared in accordance with the requirements specified in standards:

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Emergency shut-downwardly block diagram and/or logic diagram

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Crusade-and-effect tables/diagrams

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Unmarried line diagrams

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Fundamentals of plant layout pattern—Plot plans

Geoff Barker IEng.,MEI. , in The Engineer's Guide to Plant Layout and Piping Blueprint for the Oil and Gas Industries, 2018

Plot Plan

The plot plan is basically an arrangement drawing that shows the equipment and supporting facilities (pipe racks, structures, buildings, roads) that are required for the process facility within a battery limit area, which will be designed for independent operation and shutdown.

All equipment and components will be shown on the plot plan and identified past letters and numbers as per the visitor nomenclature standards.

The plot plan is drawn to scale, and a benchmark will be located on the plan, which is the datum point of the plot, which shows elevation and found coordinates. All equipment volition be located and elevated in relation to this criterion.

The plot plan is used equally the footing to produce equipment arrangement studies, and produce piping line shoots that will exist used to guess piping materials and quantities.

The Plot program is also used to develop:

Grading and drainage plans, holding ponds, diked areas, foundation, and structural design produced by the Ceremonious–Structural Technology Department to enable bulk textile estimates to be produced.

Area classification drawings that locate switchgear, substations, motor control centers, that enable cable routing to be determined and thus interpretation of bulk materials for the electrical department.

Location of analyzer houses, cablevision trays, master control house/edifice, to enable the instrumentation department guess bulk materials.

The plot plan is also used by the process department to facilitate hydraulic design, line sizing, and utility cake flow diagrams.

Orderly scheduling of engineering science activities is obtained by the scheduling department from the plot program.

The plot plan is used by construction to schedule the erection sequence of all institute equipment. This includes rigging studies for large lifts, constructability reviews, location of lay downward areas, and whatever marshaling activities required.

The plot program is also to estimate the overall cost of the plant, and is as well used by the customer for safety, operator, and maintenance reviews, and to develop an "As Built" record of the plant organisation.

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Layout Analogues and Visual Aids

Seán Moran , in Process Found Layout (2nd Edition), 2017

vii.four.2 Plot GA Drawings

These drawings (also known equally "Plot Plans and Layout Elevations" or "Equipment Location Plans" in the oil and gas industry) show to a larger calibration, and in more than detail, the plan and layout arrangements of items inside a plot.

These may alternatively exist divided into dissever programme (Fig. seven.5) and elevation (Fig. 7.6) drawings although, in the oil and gas industry, equipment elevations are more usually noted in a tabulated/chart format on a plan view GA.

Figure 7.v. Typical plot plan.

 Epitome courtesy Bentley.

Effigy seven.vi. (A)–(C) Typical 3D layout height drawings.

 Image courtesy Bentley.

It is of import to prepare initial plot GAs as apace every bit possible to enable other disciplines (nearly notably civils) to proceed with their work. Although they are fatigued to calibration, such initial drawings will normally be stamped "Not To Scale," so that any critical dimensions are only provided on request. This is because advice of dimensions used every bit a design ground must exist deliberate, for risk management purposes.

Each plot is independent within a strictly defined boundary called the "battery limit" (almost always divers by site roads) which serves to limit data on the drawing to those items within the plot. The battery limit is likewise frequently the line at which responsibility for design is handed over to another designer (and some other designer'southward drawing).

All major equipment items, major structures and buildings should be indicated, though in outline only. The battery limits of the area should be indicated conspicuously together with roads, accessways, extent of paving, piping entry and exit points, maintenance areas, stairways and ladders.

Equally the piping and system studies are developed, so the locations of equipment are "firmed up." This can be done in tabular form using the coordinate dimensioning system or using conventional dimensions. Either method requires that all equipment be located by an agreed fixed datum point. This bespeak might be positioned on a plant centerline, tangent line, pump discharge nozzle face or centerline, exchanger nozzle, and channel centerline.

Levels must be given for every detail, and finished flooring levels must be specified. If equipment is installed within buildings, internal dimensions and door dimensions must be shown, as wall thicknesses may not exist available.

The GA is a key scale cartoon corresponding in importance to the P&IDs and PFDs. It requires conscientious review and checking at the terminate of the FEED stage before client blessing and release for detailed design.

If a detailed plant and pipe model is to be made for later on design stages, the plot plans and elevations can be left as elementary, authentic specification drawings but, if no model is made, more detail must exist shown to supplement the outline dimensions and pictorial information.

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Pipe organisation design

Maurice Stewart , in Surface Product Operations, 2016

9.three.ii Plot plan

The second pace in planning a piping system is preparing the plot plan to show the organisation of major equipment ( Effigy ix.2). The plot programme includes the post-obit:

Effigy 9.2. Preliminary onshore plot plan.
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Equipment locations

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Foundation locations

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Excavation drawings

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Paving plan

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Catamenia diagram transposition

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Construction model (if one is used)

The plot plan is drawn to scale and should depict all

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equipment,

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primary pipeways,

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buildings,

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major structures,

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housed electrical gear.

Prevailing summer and winter winds are likewise shown. Suggested minimum spacing guidelines for gas plants are shown in Figure 9.3. Suggested minimum spacing guidelines for production facilities in onshore oil and gas field locations are shown in Figure nine.four.

Effigy 9.3. General recommendations for spacing in gas plants.

Figure ix.4. Suggested minimum equipment spacing guidelines for production facilities in onshore oil and gas field locations

 (Courtesy of Texas Railroad Commission).

The preliminary plot program should exist analyzed for equipment layout spacing and the potential globe-trotting of heavy vapors into areas containing an ignition source. The designer should check to ensure that prevailing winds assist rather than interfere with cooling. Vertical coolers should confront into breezes to utilize the wind for cooling. I should observe the surrounding objects, buildings, and trees in the area, if applicable.

The designer should as well check the dispersion of emissions and calculate the total annual release to assure that emissions are within allowable limits. Emission points should be located so as to provide acceptable ground-level concentrations. About plot plans are roughly sketched to establish relative locations. In the by, information technology was not uncommon to utilize newspaper cutouts and shift them until all requirements have been met. Today, CAD is used.

The post-obit factors should be considered when planning the piping system:

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Toxic emissions must non be released where prevailing winds can carry them into an operating surface area.

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Liquid releases must be bars to appropriate vessels or drains. When a liquid relief valve opens, the liquid should exist routed back to a source tank, a sump tank, or disposal tank.

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Safety release of heavier-than-air and toxic gases must be conducted to a safe area for burning. This requires a closed venting or flare arrangement.

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Lighter-than-air sweet gases may be released to the atmosphere through a safety relief valve.

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Heavier-than-air combustible gas safety release must be located where prevailing winds will move the vapors away from sources of ignition if a continuously burning flare is not maintained.

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The vapors from atmosphere storage are generally heavier-than-air and will tend to menstruation along the ground. Feel indicates that these vapors period to ground-level and spread similar h2o. Ignition sources must be a minimum of 150   ft. (fifty   yard) from the point of release, thus allowing sufficient dispersion to avoid ignition.

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The location of electric generators is important to a pipe layout because of their utility requirements. They should also be equally shut to the areas of maximum power requirements as practical to minimize losses and voltage drop at starting loads.

The designer should make every try to keep the piping arrangements simple and keep the piping short so as to minimize pressure level drops and lower pumping costs. The designer should also design piping and then that the pipage system is flexible, which reduces mechanical and thermal stresses.

To improve appearance and simplify pipe support, piping installed inside buildings is usually laid out parallel to the building steelwork. Piping located outside buildings is usually arranged

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on piping racks,

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about grade on sleepers,

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in trenches, or

vertically against steelwork or large areas of process equipment.

When laying out the piping, the following guidelines should be adhered to whenever possible:

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Apply standard pipage accessories whenever possible.

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Practice not apply miters unless absolutely essential.

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Do not run piping nether foundations. Notwithstanding, piping may be run under grade beams.

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When piping must penetrate physical walls and floors, points of penetrations should be established every bit early as possible and the person responsible should be informed so as to avert cut existing reinforcing bars, electrical conduit, etc.

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Lay piping, such as lines to outside storage or receiving facilities, should always exist laid on pipe sleepers if at that place is no possibility of hereafter roads or site evolution.

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Avoid pocketing lines by arranging pipe and then that lines drain dorsum into equipment or into lines that can be drained.

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Gas and vapor co-operative lines should be taken from the tops of headers where information technology is necessary to reduce the chance of drawing off condensate or sediment that could potentially harm rotating equipment.

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Lines that are normally cached include lines bringing in water or gas. Where long cold winters freeze the soil, burial lines below the frost line may avoid the freezing of h2o and solutions, serving the expense of tracking long horizontal parts of the lines.

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Avoid burying steam lines that pocket, due to the difficulty of collecting condensate. Steam lines may be run beneath-grade in trenches provided with covers or, for brusque runs, in sleeves.

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Include removable flanged spools to aid in maintenance especially at pumps, turbines, or other equipment that will have to exist removed for overhaul.

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Vent all high points and drain all low points on lines. Carefully placed drains and valve vents let lines to be easily drained or pumped during shutdown periods. This is peculiarly important in freezing climates and tin can reduce winterizing costs.

When all of the in a higher place requirements have been satisfied, the blueprint of the piping layout can begin.

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Pipe supports selection, anchors—guides

Geoff Barker IEng.,MEI. , in The Engineer's Guide to Institute Layout and Pipage Pattern for the Oil and Gas Industries, 2018

17.i Choice

The following graphics prove pipage support shoes, guides, and restraints.

Image 1

Choice of pipe supports must take into consideration:

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Location

○

Total plot plan must be considered and established.

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Configuration

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Where is the pipage located—rack free continuing—at equipment, is it on a pipe rack?—shape of pipe system—capability of support.

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Materials

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Carbon steel, stainless steel, etc.—what would be the required material to friction match the pipe, would liners be required between the back up and pipage if different materials.

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Hot or cold line

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Line temperature—hot or cryogenic—line expansion or shrinkage—line movement—line lift off—are spring supports required.

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Insulation or bare pipe

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Is hot or cold insulation to be used on the pipe—insulation materials to be used.

In the instance of a pipe rack you lot must consider:

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Pinnacle

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Should they exist sleepers or rack?

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If a rack, then how high must each rack level exist?

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What are the line sizes to be carried on the rack?

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What is the largest line size to come off and onto the rack?

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Wind loads?

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Earthquake zone?

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Width

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Sizes and number of lines to be arrange on rack

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Future space allowance

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Allowance for cablevision and musical instrument trays

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Spacing

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Allowance for expansion of hot lines

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Number of lines—sizes of lines

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Flanges required on lines in rack—flange spacing's

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Materials of construction

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Materials required and method of fabrication of supports

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Detailed Engineering and Pattern for Natural Gas Processing Projects

Alireza Bahadori Ph.D. , in Natural Gas Processing, 2014

15.4.8 Piping

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Constitute specific job Specifications for pipage.

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Gear up general and Unit plot plans.

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Fix pipe layout and general system drawings.

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Institute mechanical and textile Specification for each section of piping, including Specifications and data sheets for expansion joints, jump support, shock arrestors, and other special items.

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Prepare line numbering schedule.

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Set and complete line list.

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Review and check technically all packaged Units' inquiries and buy order requisitions where piping is to be furnished by a Vendor as part of the packaged Unit with conformity with Contract requirements.

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Bank check Vendor drawings and specifications for piping and pipage components for compliance with Contract requirements.

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Design all piping system including special piping items (steam jacketing included) and prepare all necessary arrangement and particular drawings including tie-in points.

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Where steam tracing is required, blueprint the steam tracing organisation and provide details and Specifications of steam tracing and traps materials and details plus isometric drawing.

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Design underground piping systems and prepare all necessary arrangement and detail drawings.

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Design utility pipage and ready drawings showing arrangement of utilities distribution system.

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Prepare isometric drawings and spool drawings inclusive of complete beak of materials suitable for fabrication of modest and large bore piping, except for surreptitious pressurized lines of below 2 inches and for skids to the extent they are shop assembled.

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Prepare P&ID for pressure testing giving required information for testing.

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Prepare bill of material sheets for each isometric in the same drawing.

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Prepare stress analysis calculations and pipage back up details.

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Finalize layout arrangement drawings.

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Check and coordinate equipment nozzle orientation.

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Prepare found three-dimensional computer models for the new Units. For the Units that are duplicated, one computer model may be prepared and in this instance the interconnecting pipe between the identical Units shall also be shown.

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Perform checks for:

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Drawings of equipment and terminal indicate of package Units to which piping is connected.

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Layout drawings of foundations.

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Layout and elevations on structural steel drawing.

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Aid in preparation of plant technical and equipment manuals.

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Supply all other services required to exercise piping works

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Supply all other services as may be required to complete the above.

Stress relief and branch reinforcement requirements shall be included in pipage Specifications.

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Flow Diagrams and Instrumentation

Roy A. Parisher , Robert A. Rhea , in Pipe Drafting and Blueprint (Fourth Edition), 2022

Uses of Flow Diagrams

The menstruum diagram is used by the piping group to develop and lay out the plot program. When developing the plot program, the arrangement of the mechanical equipment in the facility reflects, in part, the logical sequence of flow depicted on the catamenia diagram. However, many other factors such every bit lawmaking requirements, client standards and preferences, worker safety, and cost influence the positioning of equipment.

In one case the plot plan is finalized, the piping designer routes the pipe between the various pieces of mechanical equipment as indicated by the flow diagram using projection specifications, standards, and accepted blueprint practices. The flow diagram is usually "yellowed out" as each line is completed and incorporated into the design.

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