What Does 2 Oz of Ground Beef Look Like
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world'south favorite film characters to life, The Sorcerer of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald mantle and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellowish brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more than about the secrets and fun facts that make the dearest picture a timeless archetype.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum'south Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 film adaptation. Hamilton called her amanuensis to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed piece of work time. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week bargain. In the finish, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being also scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More Movie Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was immature at the time, the 16-twelvemonth-quondam Garland had to wear a corset-like device then she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as whatever preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character inverse. Afterwards MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate managing director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Urban center, leaving the phrase "Give up Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings team spread black ink across the bottom of a drinking glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting concluded with the ominous "Or Die — West W W."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Really Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical slumber-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more than blatant toxic connexion than that.
All that magical snow? Information technology'south actually 100% industrial-class chrysotile asbestos. Fifty-fifty though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was still Hollywood's preferred choice for faux snowfall. Our communication to Dorothy? Don't catch whatsoever snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin can Man's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Human being'south aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of bug for Ebsen, who was replaced past Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was amend than Ebsen'south, he still had some problems. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a safety prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the await of burlap. Afterwards the pic wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'due south confront that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Ready
In a burst of flames and ruby fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the kickoff have, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor also early.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor every bit planned, just her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the fire flared upwardly. Her copper-containing makeup heated upwardly instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and face. To brand matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost as scary equally the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thank you to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few anxiety to the soundstage flooring. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to assist populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one'south surprise, the American Movie Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Simply what may surprise you lot? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland'south career was most cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathize the song'due south significant. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted similar lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound panthera leo costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "can" body and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so stiff that he had to lean confronting a board to rest properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned effect with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi tin can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Can Human being Was Rushed to the Infirmary
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. Nevertheless, Ebsen'due south new character, the Tin can Man, caused him a world of problems. Namely, the character's silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and inverse upwards the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final film, his vocals can exist heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave United states the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that actually hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-human foot long stocking made of muslin. The special furnishings team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted properties, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale business firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is only a miniature firm that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers so reversed the footage to brand it wait like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, vocalization of the titular character in Walt Disney'due south Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The film went on to brand roughly $viii million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was meliorate than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a calendar week — but it still didn't reflect the film'southward success. Even more than discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per calendar week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's King of beasts Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought information technology might bandage its mascot — the bodily lion used in the studio's title carte — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to bandage actor Bert Lahr every bit the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing animal, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from existent panthera leo pare. However, the arc lights used on fix made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each nighttime, two stagehands stale the costume for the next 24-hour interval.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The pic started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's nigh $50 one thousand thousand adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the moving picture merely earned $3 million at the box function — about $51.eight million past today'southward standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Low-era film, remember that Disney made $eight million with Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Sorcerer of Oz'southward pocket-sized success in the U.S. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the film's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was simply 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to immature actors to help them sleep after studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could piece of work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't assistance, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy nutrition of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vocalisation of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Sorcerer of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's characteristic-length blithe film Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hitting. Not but did the picture revolutionize the blitheness industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow upwardly Snow White — then the most successful movie of all time — with an adaptation of The Magician of Oz, only MGM owned the rights. Past happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin Man'due south "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore fine art thou Romeo?"
The Reddish Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in nigh 2,300 sequins.
I of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpeting there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, simply the FBI recovered the slippers for the establishment in 2018.
Simply One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your archetype hazard story, and Dorothy'due south quest leads her from a Kansas subcontract to some other world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Still, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted past studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the simply location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is i of the nigh beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — similar when the Tin can Man spouts out all of that steam.
After i of the Witch'south guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find ane that resembled the original canine thespian more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the domestic dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to prove kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the character.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was too a sad, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked likewise takes this approach to the Witch'southward character.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were but as amazed every bit Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and the Cowardly Panthera leo when the horse in Emerald Metropolis took on a rainbow of colors. This "equus caballus of a dissimilar color" was made possible cheers to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-fatigued carriage was one time endemic by President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Easily
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in social club to give life to this fantasy motion-picture show. To proceed up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since well-nigh of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to go far before 5:00 in the forenoon — six days a week! — to begin the intensive procedure.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The film is chock-total of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the well-nigh quoted lines in motion-picture show history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the moving picture's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that human behind the pall" was voted #24, while "There'southward no place like domicile" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a unlike color" sequence, another iconic, special furnishings-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Before long subsequently Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young girl's feet. However, burn strikes the Witch'south hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up prune to arrive look more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and role problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor photographic camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which ofttimes heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Afterward the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would wait best on film, particularly in colorized form. For case, the white function of Dorothy'southward apparel is actually pink — simply considering it filmed ameliorate. And the oil the Can Human being is so excited nigh? It'due south actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the E Makes More Than One Appearance
Office of the Wicked Witch of the West'southward beefiness with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a business firm on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the curt-lived owner of the ruddy slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the W and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if but briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her chamber window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the reddish slippers. The restored version of the motion-picture show makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cut Downwardly Several Times
The showtime cutting of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nada past today'due south Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off twenty minutes.
Afterwards cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top correct) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2d preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance also frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. Only not everyone thought her functioning was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'due south nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film'southward starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a apparel to Hamilton, declaring she was going to habiliment it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'due south Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences past Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem equally though the entire picture was shot in colour. Was this done deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical false pas?
It'due south widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into full iii-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the picture's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "blackness-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History'southward Near-Watched Films
Although The Magician of Oz proved popular in theaters, some other flick released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (Yous may have heard of that little movie — it's called Gone with the Wind.) Nevertheless, MGM's musical fantasy may accept more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The flick was starting time circulate on television on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 1000000 viewers. It'south believed that The Wizard of Oz is i of the 10 almost-watched feature-length movies in moving picture history, largely due to the number of almanac television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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